Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument

Occurrence
Latest version published by USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research on Jun 13, 2023 USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research
Publication date:
13 June 2023
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CC-BY-NC 4.0

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Description

We conducted a large-scale, multi-year inventory of the bee fauna of one such area, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), which is a large area of protected land that, until recently, incorporated nearly 1.9 million acres of the Colorado Plateau in south-central Utah. While the monument is dominated by cold-desert plant communities, plants associated with warmer ecoregions occur at its southern and western extents. The region includes a diverse flora, with many endemic species (Fertig, 2005). Elevations in the monument range from 1,356 to 2,316 m, and encompass stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides), ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa), pinyon (Pinus spp.), juniper (Juniperus spp.), blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima), sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), grasslands, mixed desert scrub, meadows, and riparian zones. Temperatures range annually from −11 °C to 38 °C. Most precipitation occurs in the form of summer rainfall (average: 13.5 cm across the four years of our study, 2000–2003) with monsoonal weather events, but snow is also common throughout the monument from November through March (average across the years of the study: 11.7 cm) (Utah Climate Center, 2001–2005: https://climate.usu.edu/). Our study of GSENM used standardized bi-monthly sampling in one-hectare plots, supplemented by opportunistic collections, in order to determine the richness and diversity of bees in this protected area, assess short and long-term population fluctuations in bee species, as well as associate bees with habitat types. Prior to our study, knowledge of the fauna was limited to only 20 collector-days of sampling for the monument, and all were along major roads (Griswold, Parker & Tepedino, 1998). Our study provides an example of the usefulness of national monuments and parks for scientific studies of insects whose populations are difficult to quantify. Eventually, our research will result in additional publications on the spatial and temporal drivers of bee diversity on this landscape. For this particular paper, our focus is on documenting, summarizing, and broadly characterizing the diverse and unique bee fauna protected by GSENM. Specifically, we describe (1) the bee diversity, including new range boundaries and a summary of known life history traits, (2) spatial patterns, (3) seasonal patterns, and (4) floral relationships of the bee assemblage. Finally, we compare the diversity and composition of GSENM’s fauna with other known bee assemblages, and consider this community in the context of western bee distributions.

Data Records

The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 98,720 records.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

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How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Carril OM, Griswold T, Haefner J, Wilson JS. 2018. Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity. PeerJ 6:e5867 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5867

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 491177c8-d074-46c0-9da3-0e9d1794936f.  USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by GBIF-US.

Keywords

Occurrence; Bee declines; Pollinators; Conservation; National monuments; Native bees; Pollination ecology; Bee declines; Pollinators; Conservation; National monuments; Native bees; Pollination ecology

External data

The resource data is also available in other formats

Figure 1 https://dfzljdn9uc3pi.cloudfront.net/2018/5867/1/fig-1-full.png ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) png
Figure 2 https://dfzljdn9uc3pi.cloudfront.net/2018/5867/1/fig-2-full.png ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) png

Contacts

Olivia Carril
  • Author
Joseph Wilson
  • Author ●
  • Originator
Utah State University
  • 1021 West Vine Street
84074 Tooele
Utah
US
  • 435 797 9953
Terry Griswold
  • Author
USDA-ARS
  • 5310 Old Main Hill
84322 Logan
Utah
US
Harold Ikerd Ikerd
  • Metadata Provider
USDA-ARS
  • 5310 Old Main Hill
84322 Logan
Utah
US
Harold Ikerd
  • Curator
USDA-ARS-PIRU
  • 5310 Old Main Hill
84322 Logan
Utah
US
  • 435-797-2526
Terry Griswold
  • Author
USDA-ARS-PIRU
  • 5310 Old Main Hill
84322 Logan
Utah
US
  • 435-797-2526
Olivia Carril
  • Author
James Haefner
  • Author
Utah State University
  • 5310 Old Main Hill
84074 Logan
Utah
US

Geographic Coverage

Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), which is a large area of protected land that, until recently, incorporated nearly 1.9 million acres of the Colorado Plateau in south-central Utah.

Bounding Coordinates South West [37.035, -112.836], North East [38.597, -110.452]

Taxonomic Coverage

Here we serve data on a 4-year study of bees in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), found in southern Utah, USA as used in the paper "Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity" doi: 10.7717/peerj.5867

Superfamily Apoidea; Latreille, 1802 (bees)

Temporal Coverage

Start Date / End Date 2000-01-01 / 2003-09-30

Project Data

The focus is on documenting, summarizing, and broadly characterizing the diverse and unique bee fauna protected by GSENM. The data present here was use to describe (1) the bee diversity, including new range boundaries, (2) spatial patterns, (3) seasonal patterns, and (4) floral relationships of the bee assemblage.

Title Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument
Funding Funding was provided from the Bureau of Land Management. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Study Area Description Protected lands, such as monuments and parks, provide an exceptional opportunity for monitoring bee populations and thoroughly documenting the presence and abundance of a bee fauna for a large area. As there is no mandate for multiple use, national monuments and national parks seldom experience large-scale, unnatural changes across a landscape (Acrygg et al., 2013; Stein, Scott & Benton, 2008), and are less affected by some of the potential threats to native bees, including pesticides and fertilizers (Roulston & Goodell, 2011; Woodcock et al., 2017), conversion to agricultural or otherwise developed lands (Forrest et al., 2015; Palma, 2015), competition with honey bee hives (Cane & Tepedino, 2017), and habitat fragmentation (Howell, Alarcon & Minckley, 2017; Steffan-Dewenter, 2003). They provide a valuable natural laboratory in which to conduct standardized collections, that allows for the resampling of an area over long periods to observe trends in bee populations. Finally, they provide a spotlight for the organisms within. Through outreach and education, monuments and parks enlighten millions of visitors each year about the creatures they protect, and the value of those creatures for ecosystem function (Fancy, Gross & Carter, 2009). We conducted a large-scale, multi-year inventory of the bee fauna of one such area, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), which is a large area of protected land that, until recently, incorporated nearly 1.9 million acres of the Colorado Plateau in south-central Utah. While the monument is dominated by cold-desert plant communities, plants associated with warmer ecoregions occur at its southern and western extents. The region includes a diverse flora, with many endemic species (Fertig, 2005). Elevations in the monument range from 1,356 to 2,316 m, and encompass stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides), ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa), pinyon (Pinus spp.), juniper (Juniperus spp.), blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima), sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), grasslands, mixed desert scrub, meadows, and riparian zones. Temperatures range annually from −11 °C to 38 °C. Most precipitation occurs in the form of summer rainfall (average: 13.5 cm across the four years of our study, 2000–2003) with monsoonal weather events, but snow is also common throughout the monument from November through March (average across the years of the study: 11.7 cm) (Utah Climate Center, 2001–2005: https://climate.usu.edu/).
Design Description Our study of GSENM used standardized bi-monthly sampling in one-hectare plots, supplemented by opportunistic collections, in order to determine the richness and diversity of bees in this protected area, assess short and long-term population fluctuations in bee species, as well as associate bees with habitat types.

The personnel involved in the project:

Olivia Carril
  • Author
Joseph Wilson
  • Author

Sampling Methods

Across GSENM, and across the four years of the study, a total of 66 plots, each 50 m × 200 m were established; 11 plots were sampled all four years, 12 plots were sampled for three years, 12 were sampled two years, and 31 plots were sampled for just one year. Plot locations were stratified by habitat and represent a subset of plots documented by vegetation-mapping specialists working simultaneously in the monument (Stohlgren et al., 1998). Each plot was visited at approximately two-week intervals. On a given sampling day, pairs of collectors sampled each plot using aerial nets for two 45-minute periods—between 0900 and 1530, once before noon and once after. A plot visit, therefore, represents a total of 360 min (3 h) of collecting. An effort was made to collect the entire area of the plot evenly during a sampling period, and to collect from all bee-visited flowering plants in the plot. Collections were biased against honey bees—given a choice between collecting a feral honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus and another bee, the other bee was collected. Attempts were made to collect every native bee encountered. Most plants on which bees were collected were identified to species using regional keys (Welsh et al., 1993). The remaining plants were identified to genus. The number of plots established for regular visitation was balanced against coverage across the monument. Those plots that were sampled for multiple years were chosen because of their accessibility and because they were representative of the majority of the monument’s habitats.

Study Extent We collected bees in GSENM over a period of four years (2000–2003) using both opportunistic collections and standardized bi-monthly sampling in one-hectare plots. This follows a protocol commonly used for bee studies, providing the opportunity for comparisons with other areas, past and future (LeBuhn, 2003)

Method step description:

  1. Withheld Information. Some data has been withheld do to plant associations or sensitive locations. Fields associated with date, verbatim data, associated taxa, elevation and location may be withheld or fuzzed. Refer to the Darwin Core Fields "informationWithheld" and "DataGeneralizations" for specific information.

Collection Data

Collection Name USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research
Parent Collection Identifier Not Applicable
Specimen preservation methods Pinned

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Additional Metadata

Floral associations are based on Welsh, S. L., & Atwood, N. D. (2002). Flora of the bureau of land management Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument and Kane County, Utah. Provo: Brigham Young University, 166. When the Darwin core field Individualcount has a number greater than 1, this can represent a mating pair (male and female mounted on the same pin) or the use of a gel cap to house multiple specimens of the same sex on a single pin. Specimens with the ownerInstitutionCode "GSENM" have been deposited with the visitor center as a synoptic collection.

Maintenance Description Periodic update of morpho species to valid names. Morpho species identification is being served with in the field "identificationRemarks"
Alternative Identifiers 491177c8-d074-46c0-9da3-0e9d1794936f
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5867
https://ipt.gbif.us/resource?r=usda-gsenm-inventory