Occurrence Data from Revision of the Rophitine Genus Protodufourea

Occurrence Specimen
Latest version published by USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research on Jun 5, 2025 USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research
Publication date:
5 June 2025
License:
CC-BY-NC 4.0

Download the latest version of this resource data as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) or the resource metadata as EML or RTF:

Data as a DwC-A file download 531 records in English (20 KB) - Update frequency: irregular
Metadata as an EML file download in English (20 KB)
Metadata as an RTF file download in English (15 KB)

Description

This occurrence dataset encompasses the specimens identified and reviewed by Bohart and Griswold in their work, "Revision of the Rophitine Genus Protodufourea" (1987). This data publication aims to serve as a reliable resource with definitive species identifications and new material reviewed by the original authors. The dataset seeks to address the challenges highlighted by Meier et al. (2004) for reliable datasets: (1) misidentification of unrevised museum specimens; (2) the broad range of private and public collections included in specimen lists from revisionary studies; and (3) the cost-effectiveness of obtaining specimen records from revisions.

Data Records

The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 531 records.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.

How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Ikerd H, Griswold T (2025). Occurrence Data from Revision of the Rophitine Genus Protodufourea. Version 1.2. USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research. Occurrence dataset. https://ipt.gbif.us/resource?r=protodufourea&v=1.2

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has not been registered with GBIF

Keywords

Occurrence; Metadata; bees; pollinators; insects;; Specimen

Contacts

Harold Ikerd
  • ●
  • Metadata Provider ●
  • Originator ●
  • Point Of Contact
  • Biological Science Lab Technician
USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit
  • 5310 Old Main Hill
84321 Logan
Utah
US
  • 435-797-2526
Terry Griswold
  • Point Of Contact
Terry Griswold
  • Point Of Contact
  • Research Scientist
USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit
  • 5310 Old Main Hill
84322-5310 Logan
Utah
US

Geographic Coverage

Deserts of the southwestern United States (California, Nevada, Arizona); cismontane California and Baja California, Mexico

Bounding Coordinates South West [19, -123.7], North East [41.5, -96.3]

Taxonomic Coverage

All bee specimens of the genus Protodufourea were identified to species.

Superfamily Apoidea
Family Halictidae
Subfamily Rophitinae
Genus Protodufourea
Species Protodufourea eickworti, Protodufourea koso, Protodufourea zavortinki, Protodufourea wasbaueri, Protodufourea parca

Project Data

Conduct systematic revisions of native solitary bees in the subfamily Rophitinae.

Title Revisionary studies on Rophitinae
Identifier Protodufourea
Funding Internal funding from USDA-ARS. Retro-active data capture was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants DEB-0742998 and DBI-0956388.
Study Area Description Southwestern North America

The personnel involved in the project:

Terry Griswold
  • Content Provider
Harold Ikerd
  • Metadata Provider

Sampling Methods

Bee specimens, including all primary types were examined with Wild M5 dissection microscopes and ocular micrometers. Illustrations were drawn using representative specimens. Because of possible confusion in identities, floral associations are only given for specimens we have examined. The following abbreviations are used for specimen repositories, with individuals associated with those repositories following: University of California, Berkeley; H. Daly; University of California, Davis; R. Thorp; University of California, Riverside; S. Frommer; Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los Angeles; R. Snelling; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; W. Pulawski; University of Arizona, Tucson; G. Eickwort and C. Olson; University of Kansas, Lawrence; R. Brooks; Cornell University, Ithaca; G. Eickwort and W. Wcislo;

Study Extent This study utilized only museum specimens. All available specimens of Protodufourea borrowed from 8 museums plus all material in the US National Pollinating Insects Collection were identified to species by the authors.

Method step description:

  1. Data From Loaned Specimens: Specimens that are not housed within our collection (the National Pollinating Insect Collection, historically referred to as the Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory) will have their owner identified in the Darwin Core(DwC) term "OwnerInstitutionCode". For more information on this term, please visit: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/ownerInstitutionCode Additionally, loaned specimens will typically have a catalog number prefix starting with "BBSLID......" in the Darwin Core field "CatalogNumber". http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber
  2. Specimens that are owned or have rights holders other than the USDA will be indicated in the Darwin Core(DwC) fields RightsHolder, InformationWithheld, and dataGeneralizations. Specific instructions for each specimen's full data retrieval will be included in the Darwin Core(DwC) RightsHolder and AccessRights Example for the field RightsHolder: 'National Park Service. Please contact Park Service through IRMA (https://irma.nps.gov/Portal/).' Specimens that were collected from listed or endangered plants will have information withheld. This status will be indicated in the Darwin Core(DwC) fieldinformationWithheld. Example: 'yes (TE Listed Plant)- georeferences given only to nearest degree; Elevation, Flora host, Month and Day information has been hidden'

Collection Data

Collection Name U.S. National Pollinating Insects Collection
Collection Identifier c0e5f597-c80b-421c-acb2-c5b559e73f46
Parent Collection Identifier e1666b1f-f017-4a8f-8d98-a675360bed6e
Specimen preservation methods Pinned

Bibliographic Citations

  1. Meier, Rudolf and Dikow, Torsten. 2004. "Significance of Specimen Databases from Taxonomic Revisions for Estimating and Mapping the Global Species Diversity of Invertebrates and Repatriating Reliable Specimen Data." Conservation Biology, 18, (2) 478–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00233.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00233.x.
  2. Bohart, G. E. and T. L. Griswold. 1997. A revision of the rophitine genus Protodufourea. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 69:177-184.
  3. Michener, C. D. 1965. A generic review of the Dufoureinae of the Western Hemisphere. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58:321-326.
  4. Timberlake, P. H. 1955. A new genus for two new species of dufoureine bees from California. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 31:105-108.
  5. MEIER, R. and DIKOW, T. (2004), Significance of Specimen Databases from Taxonomic Revisions for Estimating and Mapping the Global Species Diversity of Invertebrates and Repatriating Reliable Specimen Data. Conservation Biology, 18: 478-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00233.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00233.x

Additional Metadata

These specimen-based bee species occurrence records represent baseline bee species occurrences. Absence of bee species from this dataset does not indicate absence of the species from the collecting location. Number of times a species is recorded in this dataset does not represent actual species abundance or common-ness but may offer an indication of fluctuations in population size.

Acknowledgements Foreword from the 1987 A Revision of the Dufoureine Genus Micralictoides Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) by GEORGE E. BOHART AND TERRY L. GRISWOLD: "We consider it appropriate in this revision of a small genus of halictid bees to recognize the accomplishments of well-known halictid specialist, George Eickwort, whose untimely death cut short a lifetime devoted to a major and relatively little-known family of bees. An included new species, P. eickworti, is accordingly dedicated to his memory."
Introduction "The genus Protodufourea Timberlake (1955) was described in 1955 for two rare bee species from California, P. parca Timberlake and P. wasbaueri Timberlake. Protodufourea has been known from only a few scattered sites in cismontane central and southern California. New records and three new species expand its range to include cismontane Baja California and the deserts of California, Nevada, and Arizona. The genus is apparently restricted to Hydrophyllaceae. Known host plants are Phacelia and Emmenanthe."
Purpose Provide specimen data on a genus of bees whose species appear to be pollen specialists including for three new species  described.
Alternative Identifiers https://ipt.gbif.us/resource?r=protodufourea