Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - United States (Contiguous) (ver.2.0, 2022)

資料紀錄

此資源名錄的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 8,527 筆紀錄。

亦存在 5 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。

此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。

版本

以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。

如何引用

研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:

Simpson A, Sellers E, and Pagad S (2022a). Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - United States of America (Contiguous) (ver.2.0, 2022). United States Geological Survey. Checklist dataset derived from https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KFFTOD, accessed via GBIF.org on [date of access].

權利

研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:

此資料的發布者及權利單位為 Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG。 To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.

GBIF 註冊

此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: 32ad19ed-6b89-447a-9242-795c0897f345。  Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG 發佈此資源，並經由Participant Node Managers Committee同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。

關鍵字

Checklist; Conterminous 48 United States; Contiguous 48 United States; alien species; database; exotic species; introduced species; invasive species; non-native species; nonindigenous species; species checklist; species list; Aquatic Biology; Botany; Ecology; Environmental Health; Forestry; Wildlife Biology; Wildlfe Disease; non-native; invasive; United States of America; Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species; country_US; country_US-CUS; alien species; l48riis; checklist; inventory

聯絡資訊

Annie Simpson

• 元數據提供者 ●
• 作者 ●
• 出處 ●
• 連絡人

Biologist and Information Scientist

United States Geological Survey

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. Mailstop 302

20192 Reston

Virginia

US

US-RIIS@usgs.gov

+1 703 648 4281

https://www.usgs.gov/programs/science-analytics-and-synthesis-sas

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-5134

Elizabeth Sellers

• 作者

Data Manager

U.S. Geological Survey

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. Mailstop 302

20192 Reston

Virginia

US

esellers@usgs.gov

+1 703 648 4385

https://www.usgs.gov/programs/science-analytics-and-synthesis-sas

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-2994

Shyama Pagad

• 作者 ●
• 出處

Deputy Chair, Information

IUCN Invasive Species Specialists Group

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland

1072 Auckland

Auckland

NZ

s.pagad@auckland.ac.nz

+64 210754381

http://www.issg.org

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-6580

Elizabeth Sellers

• 作者

Data Manager

U.S. Geological Survey

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr. Mailstop 302

20192 Reston

Virginia

US

US-RIIS@usgs.gov

+1 703 648 4385

https://www.usgs.gov/programs/science-analytics-and-synthesis-sas

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4676-2994

地理涵蓋範圍

The Conterminous 48 United States, also known as the Contiguous 48 United States.

分類群涵蓋範圍

All taxa are included, from Kingdoms Animalia, Bacteria, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae, Protozoa, and Viruses. In the umbrella dataset, there are 12,981 unique scientific names, mostly taxon rank species, but also subspecies, variety, form, and unranked hybrid. There are 8,527 names in the Conterminous 48 United States (GRIIS-L48) dataset. Just two Classes comprise 87% of the GRIIS-L48: 45% Magnoliopsida (dicotyledonous plants), and 42% Insecta (insects).

時間涵蓋範圍

計畫資料

To be included in the GRIIS-L48, a taxon must be non-native everywhere in the locality and established (reproducing) anywhere in the locality. Native pest species are not included. Note that the previous, superseded version 1.0 (2021) is available here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P95XL09Q

參與計畫的人員:

取樣方法

Methods used to create the integrated dataset have varied somewhat over time. Additional fields have been added from those that were used at the start of the project. Initially, each region (AK, HI, L48) had a lead data searcher and the lists were combined afterwards within one Excel spreadsheet. The interpretation of the content of the citation fields follow the rules established by ITIS and described here: http://www.itis.gov/submit_guidlines.html. Each lead data searcher was trained in the methods to discern an authoritative source; how to extract scientific names from the source; how to generate from the source and other reference databases such as ITIS all of the information in the spreadsheet columns. There are two spreadsheets to populate (MasterList and AuthorityReferences), plus a data dictionary sheet (DataDictionary). The US-RIIS dataset shared with GBIF contains these fields: locality - Required; L48 = conterminous United States of America; scientificName - Required; modified from Darwin Core; an accepted species, subspecies, variety, form, or hybrid name, preferably validated in GBIF, or secondarily, in ITIS, or otherwise by another taxonomic authority; Genus names alone are not allowed; does not include scientificNameAuthorship. scientificNameAuthorship - Optional; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority or the reference. vernacularName - Required; from Darwin Core; generally provided by ITIS, the authority, or another reliable source; may be a very generic term where specific common names are not in use. taxonRank - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority or derived by data searcher; species, subspecies, variety, form, unranked. establishmentMeans - Required; from Darwin Core; controlled vocabulary: introduced (alien, exotic, non-native, nonindigenous); introduced: assisted colonization; (or both terms). degreeOfEstablishment - Required; from Darwin Core; an assertion provided by or derived from the authority describing the established or invasive status of the taxa within the region; controlled vocabulary (smaller for this dataset than from Darwin Core, due to the nature of the dataset): established (category C3), meaning reproducing in the locality; invasive (category D2), meaning causing, or likely to cause, harm; widespread invasive (category E), meaning at least locally abundant and harmful ecologically, economically, or to health. occurrenceStatus - Required; from Darwin Core; mapped value = "present". associatedTaxa - Optional; from Darwin Core; consists of a descriptor of the relationship (e.g., biocontrol for:, infests:, parasite of:, etc.) followed by a text description of the name of the organism(s) that the species was introduced to control. eventRemarks - Optional; from Darwin Core; consists of "approx. date of introduction: " and a date or text string describing when the taxon is believed to have been introduced to the locality. Also includes brief (Author (YYYY)) value if the associatedReferences authority is not the authority providing the date of introduction. taxonRemarks - Optional; from Darwin Core; only included if the scientific name has many synonyms or misspellings, or, if the name provided by the authority is an unaccepted synonym of a valid/accepted name in a taxonomic authority; Multiple names are separated by a semicolon and a space. kingdom - Required; from Darwin Core; one of seven names as specified in GBIF or another naming authority; controlled vocabulary: Animalia, Bacteria, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae, Protozoa, Viruses. phylum - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". class - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". order - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". family - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". taxonomicStatus - Required; from Darwin Core; value = "Accepted " followed by the acronym of the taxonomic authority providing the taxonID. taxonID - Required; from Darwin Core; a unique number for the taxa, as provided by the taxonomic authority. Where possible, a URN. Otherwise a stable URL. associatedReferences - Required; from Darwin Core; the abbreviated name for the author of the resource asserting the taxa's non-native species status in the locality; Generally, but not always, followed by (year), followed by a URL back to an online version of the reference, or by a full reference. eventDate - Required; from Darwin Core; the date of creation of the record, in the format YYYY-MM-DD; manually generated so errors are possible; NOTE: if earliest occurrence for the species is known or suspected, it is provided in the eventRemarks field, not eventDate. modified - Required; from Darwin Core; date of latest edit/change made to the record; is manually generated, so errors are possible. occurrenceRemarks - Optional; from Darwin Core; text field with comments about the record, generally extracted from the text of the associatedReference or other references. occurrenceID - Required; from Darwin Core; an identifier for the Organism instance (at the record level); a controlled vocabulary that is manually generated using an ordinal number that is not repeated, prefixed by the umbrella dataset's abbreviated name (USRIIS), the record's locality (L48), and the record's kingdom; since the content of this field is not auto-generated, it is subject to human error. Deleted occurrenceIDs are not reused.

方法步驟描述:

1. Tools used are described in the following steps:
2. Microsoft Word to assist in formatting data.
3. Microsoft Excel to hold the data and sort and display it.
4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility to validate taxonomic names.
5. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) to validate taxonomic names not found in GBIF.
6. Microsoft OneDrive to store the data.
7. Adobe Pro to extract text from image-based pdfs.
8. Sublime Text to assist with text formatting and metadata eml generation.
9. Various browsers (MS Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari), species databases, and search engines, to discover authoritative introduced species lists for L48.
10. PROVENANCE: Our team tracks the provenance of the dataset as any modifications, transformations, edits, or decisions to accept or reject data points are made. Provenance is essential to the dataset, which consists entirely of assertions of the presence and non-native status of a species in an area.
11. This tracking involves the inclusion of an authority or data source with each assertion that a species is introduced and established in a given area. The actual authorities' lists and manuscripts themselves are also saved digitally as written proof of the individual assertions and to justify, as necessary, each species' inclusion in the list.
12. To assist with tracking the evolution of a data record, there are "Acquisition Date" and "modified" fields (which are not auto-generated and so subject to human error). The "modified" field is a Darwin Core term for the date of the last modification of the record (YYYY-MM-DD), and the cumulative modifications to the record are described in the "Update Remarks" field, separated within the field by commas (for modifications made on the same date) and semicolons (separating modifications made on different dates).
13. The dataset and the reference authorities are maintained in Microsoft OneDrive. The list is worked on in MS Excel and the file's history can be used to 'roll back' to previous versions, if necessary. A versionHistory.txt file published online along with the data describes major changes and differences in each published version of the list. Past versions of the precursor to this dataset are maintained and made available as part of the deprecated .zip files at: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E5K160, and the previous superseded version of the US-RIIS are maintained at https://doi.org/10.5066/P95XL09Q. All versions of the US-RIIS are accessible here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92DN8D8.
14. ANALYZE CRITERIA: Assertions of introduced and established status for a species are accepted if the authority is a trusted source, such as a governmental or government-affiliated, non-governmental organization, international biodiversity organization, academic institution, or a taxonomic expert. If a list is found on the Web and judged as authoritative, it is downloaded for future reference. Authorities, in addition to being cited within each record, are accumulated in an AuthorityReferences spreadsheet. These criteria are part of our documentation. When there is disagreement among experts about establishment, taxonomy, native status, and approximate dates of introduction a wider search of available information is used to determine the best resolution. Cryptic species (of unknown origin) are not included in the GRIIS-L48. Taxa with conflicting status or taxonomy among different sources, that cannot be reconciled through further research, are moved to an informal watch list (available upon request).

額外的詮釋資料