Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - United States (Contiguous) (ver.2.0, 2022)

データ レコード

この チェックリスト リソース内のデータは、1 つまたは複数のデータ テーブルとして生物多様性データを共有するための標準化された形式であるダーウィン コア アーカイブ (DwC-A) として公開されています。 コア データ テーブルには、8,527 レコードが含まれています。

拡張データ テーブルは5 件存在しています。拡張レコードは、コアのレコードについての追加情報を提供するものです。 各拡張データ テーブル内のレコード数を以下に示します。

この IPT はデータをアーカイブし、データ リポジトリとして機能します。データとリソースのメタデータは、 ダウンロード セクションからダウンロードできます。 バージョン テーブルから公開可能な他のバージョンを閲覧でき、リソースに加えられた変更を知ることができます。

バージョン

次の表は、公にアクセス可能な公開バージョンのリソースのみ表示しています。

引用方法

研究者はこの研究内容を以下のように引用する必要があります。:

Simpson A, Sellers E, and Pagad S (2022a). Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - United States of America (Contiguous) (ver.2.0, 2022). United States Geological Survey. Checklist dataset derived from https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KFFTOD, accessed via GBIF.org on [date of access].

権利

研究者は権利に関する下記ステートメントを尊重する必要があります。:

パブリッシャーとライセンス保持者権利者は Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG。 To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.

GBIF登録

このリソースをはGBIF と登録されており GBIF UUID: 32ad19ed-6b89-447a-9242-795c0897f345が割り当てられています。   Participant Node Managers Committee によって承認されたデータ パブリッシャーとして GBIF に登録されているInvasive Species Specialist Group ISSG が、このリソースをパブリッシュしました。

キーワード

Checklist; Conterminous 48 United States; Contiguous 48 United States; alien species; database; exotic species; introduced species; invasive species; non-native species; nonindigenous species; species checklist; species list; Aquatic Biology; Botany; Ecology; Environmental Health; Forestry; Wildlife Biology; Wildlfe Disease; non-native; invasive; United States of America; Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species; country_US; country_US-CUS; alien species; l48riis; checklist; inventory

連絡先

地理的範囲

The Conterminous 48 United States, also known as the Contiguous 48 United States.

生物分類学的範囲

All taxa are included, from Kingdoms Animalia, Bacteria, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae, Protozoa, and Viruses. In the umbrella dataset, there are 12,981 unique scientific names, mostly taxon rank species, but also subspecies, variety, form, and unranked hybrid. There are 8,527 names in the Conterminous 48 United States (GRIIS-L48) dataset. Just two Classes comprise 87% of the GRIIS-L48: 45% Magnoliopsida (dicotyledonous plants), and 42% Insecta (insects).

時間的範囲

プロジェクトデータ

To be included in the GRIIS-L48, a taxon must be non-native everywhere in the locality and established (reproducing) anywhere in the locality. Native pest species are not included. Note that the previous, superseded version 1.0 (2021) is available here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P95XL09Q

プロジェクトに携わる要員:

収集方法

Methods used to create the integrated dataset have varied somewhat over time. Additional fields have been added from those that were used at the start of the project. Initially, each region (AK, HI, L48) had a lead data searcher and the lists were combined afterwards within one Excel spreadsheet. The interpretation of the content of the citation fields follow the rules established by ITIS and described here: http://www.itis.gov/submit_guidlines.html. Each lead data searcher was trained in the methods to discern an authoritative source; how to extract scientific names from the source; how to generate from the source and other reference databases such as ITIS all of the information in the spreadsheet columns. There are two spreadsheets to populate (MasterList and AuthorityReferences), plus a data dictionary sheet (DataDictionary). The US-RIIS dataset shared with GBIF contains these fields: locality - Required; L48 = conterminous United States of America; scientificName - Required; modified from Darwin Core; an accepted species, subspecies, variety, form, or hybrid name, preferably validated in GBIF, or secondarily, in ITIS, or otherwise by another taxonomic authority; Genus names alone are not allowed; does not include scientificNameAuthorship. scientificNameAuthorship - Optional; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority or the reference. vernacularName - Required; from Darwin Core; generally provided by ITIS, the authority, or another reliable source; may be a very generic term where specific common names are not in use. taxonRank - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority or derived by data searcher; species, subspecies, variety, form, unranked. establishmentMeans - Required; from Darwin Core; controlled vocabulary: introduced (alien, exotic, non-native, nonindigenous); introduced: assisted colonization; (or both terms). degreeOfEstablishment - Required; from Darwin Core; an assertion provided by or derived from the authority describing the established or invasive status of the taxa within the region; controlled vocabulary (smaller for this dataset than from Darwin Core, due to the nature of the dataset): established (category C3), meaning reproducing in the locality; invasive (category D2), meaning causing, or likely to cause, harm; widespread invasive (category E), meaning at least locally abundant and harmful ecologically, economically, or to health. occurrenceStatus - Required; from Darwin Core; mapped value = "present". associatedTaxa - Optional; from Darwin Core; consists of a descriptor of the relationship (e.g., biocontrol for:, infests:, parasite of:, etc.) followed by a text description of the name of the organism(s) that the species was introduced to control. eventRemarks - Optional; from Darwin Core; consists of "approx. date of introduction: " and a date or text string describing when the taxon is believed to have been introduced to the locality. Also includes brief (Author (YYYY)) value if the associatedReferences authority is not the authority providing the date of introduction. taxonRemarks - Optional; from Darwin Core; only included if the scientific name has many synonyms or misspellings, or, if the name provided by the authority is an unaccepted synonym of a valid/accepted name in a taxonomic authority; Multiple names are separated by a semicolon and a space. kingdom - Required; from Darwin Core; one of seven names as specified in GBIF or another naming authority; controlled vocabulary: Animalia, Bacteria, Chromista, Fungi, Plantae, Protozoa, Viruses. phylum - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". class - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". order - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". family - Required; from Darwin Core; as provided by the taxonomic authority; occasionally = "undefined". taxonomicStatus - Required; from Darwin Core; value = "Accepted " followed by the acronym of the taxonomic authority providing the taxonID. taxonID - Required; from Darwin Core; a unique number for the taxa, as provided by the taxonomic authority. Where possible, a URN. Otherwise a stable URL. associatedReferences - Required; from Darwin Core; the abbreviated name for the author of the resource asserting the taxa's non-native species status in the locality; Generally, but not always, followed by (year), followed by a URL back to an online version of the reference, or by a full reference. eventDate - Required; from Darwin Core; the date of creation of the record, in the format YYYY-MM-DD; manually generated so errors are possible; NOTE: if earliest occurrence for the species is known or suspected, it is provided in the eventRemarks field, not eventDate. modified - Required; from Darwin Core; date of latest edit/change made to the record; is manually generated, so errors are possible. occurrenceRemarks - Optional; from Darwin Core; text field with comments about the record, generally extracted from the text of the associatedReference or other references. occurrenceID - Required; from Darwin Core; an identifier for the Organism instance (at the record level); a controlled vocabulary that is manually generated using an ordinal number that is not repeated, prefixed by the umbrella dataset's abbreviated name (USRIIS), the record's locality (L48), and the record's kingdom; since the content of this field is not auto-generated, it is subject to human error. Deleted occurrenceIDs are not reused.

Method step description:

1. Tools used are described in the following steps:
2. Microsoft Word to assist in formatting data.
3. Microsoft Excel to hold the data and sort and display it.
4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility to validate taxonomic names.
5. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) to validate taxonomic names not found in GBIF.
6. Microsoft OneDrive to store the data.
7. Adobe Pro to extract text from image-based pdfs.
8. Sublime Text to assist with text formatting and metadata eml generation.
9. Various browsers (MS Edge, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari), species databases, and search engines, to discover authoritative introduced species lists for L48.
10. PROVENANCE: Our team tracks the provenance of the dataset as any modifications, transformations, edits, or decisions to accept or reject data points are made. Provenance is essential to the dataset, which consists entirely of assertions of the presence and non-native status of a species in an area.
11. This tracking involves the inclusion of an authority or data source with each assertion that a species is introduced and established in a given area. The actual authorities' lists and manuscripts themselves are also saved digitally as written proof of the individual assertions and to justify, as necessary, each species' inclusion in the list.
12. To assist with tracking the evolution of a data record, there are "Acquisition Date" and "modified" fields (which are not auto-generated and so subject to human error). The "modified" field is a Darwin Core term for the date of the last modification of the record (YYYY-MM-DD), and the cumulative modifications to the record are described in the "Update Remarks" field, separated within the field by commas (for modifications made on the same date) and semicolons (separating modifications made on different dates).
13. The dataset and the reference authorities are maintained in Microsoft OneDrive. The list is worked on in MS Excel and the file's history can be used to 'roll back' to previous versions, if necessary. A versionHistory.txt file published online along with the data describes major changes and differences in each published version of the list. Past versions of the precursor to this dataset are maintained and made available as part of the deprecated .zip files at: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E5K160, and the previous superseded version of the US-RIIS are maintained at https://doi.org/10.5066/P95XL09Q. All versions of the US-RIIS are accessible here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P92DN8D8.
14. ANALYZE CRITERIA: Assertions of introduced and established status for a species are accepted if the authority is a trusted source, such as a governmental or government-affiliated, non-governmental organization, international biodiversity organization, academic institution, or a taxonomic expert. If a list is found on the Web and judged as authoritative, it is downloaded for future reference. Authorities, in addition to being cited within each record, are accumulated in an AuthorityReferences spreadsheet. These criteria are part of our documentation. When there is disagreement among experts about establishment, taxonomy, native status, and approximate dates of introduction a wider search of available information is used to determine the best resolution. Cryptic species (of unknown origin) are not included in the GRIIS-L48. Taxa with conflicting status or taxonomy among different sources, that cannot be reconciled through further research, are moved to an informal watch list (available upon request).

追加のメタデータ