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<dataset>
  <alternateIdentifier>34563ec7-d5cc-4e08-972e-83913fa07a9d</alternateIdentifier>
  <alternateIdentifier>https://bison.usgs.gov/ipt/resource?r=usgs_asc-cae-alaska-birds</alternateIdentifier>
  <title xml:lang="eng">USGS ASC - Changing Arctic Ecosystems - Alaska - Birds</title>
      <creator>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Tom</givenName>
      <surName>Fondell</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center</organizationName>
    <positionName>Research Wildlife Biologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>4210 University Drive</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>Alaska</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
    </address>
    <phone>+1 (907) 786-7155</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>tfondell@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>http://alaska.usgs.gov</onlineUrl>
      </creator>
      <metadataProvider>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>John</givenName>
      <surName>Pearce</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center</organizationName>
    <positionName>Research Wildlife Biologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>4210 University Drive</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>Alaska</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
    </address>
    <phone>+1 907.786.7094</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>jpearce@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>http://alaska.usgs.gov</onlineUrl>
      </metadataProvider>
      <associatedParty>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Tom</givenName>
      <surName>Fondell</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center</organizationName>
    <positionName>Research Wildlife Biologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>4210 University Drive</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>Alaska</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
    </address>
    <phone>+1 907.786.7155</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>tfondell@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>http://alaska.usgs.gov</onlineUrl>
    <role>principalInvestigator</role>
      </associatedParty>
      <associatedParty>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Joel</givenName>
      <surName>Schmutz</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center</organizationName>
    <positionName>Research Wildlife Biologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>4210 University Drive</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>Alaska</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
    </address>
    <phone>+1 907.786.7186</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>jschmutz@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>http://alaska.usgs.gov</onlineUrl>
    <role>author</role>
      </associatedParty>
      <associatedParty>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Brian</givenName>
      <surName>Uher-Koch</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center</organizationName>
    <positionName>Research Wildlife Biologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>4210 University Drive</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>Alaska</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
    </address>
    <phone>+1 907.786.7052</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>buher-koch@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>http://alaska.usgs.gov</onlineUrl>
    <role>author</role>
      </associatedParty>
      <associatedParty>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Annie</givenName>
      <surName>Simpson</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>US Geological Survey, Core Science Systems, BISON project</organizationName>
    <positionName>biologist and information scientist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mailstop 302</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Reston</city>
        <administrativeArea>Virginia</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>20192</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
    </address>
    <phone>+1 703-648-4281</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>asimpson@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>http://bison.usgs.ornl.gov</onlineUrl>
    <role>processor</role>
      </associatedParty>
  <pubDate>
      2016-10-06
  </pubDate>
  <language>eng</language>
  <abstract>
    <para>Through the Changing Arctic Ecosystems initiative, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) strives to inform key resource management decisions for Arctic Alaska by providing scientific information on current and future ecosystem response to a warming climate. Our research is (1) examining critical physical and landscape-scale changes in the environment; (2) assessing key ecological drivers of population change; and (3) projecting future abundance and distribution of focal species, including mammals, birds, fish, and aquatic invertebrates that use the landscapes of the Arctic in different ways and likely will express differently the consequences of changes to the associated ecosystems. USGS Alaska Science Center (ASC), monitors bird populations in several sites and these are the results of those studies.</para>
  </abstract>
      <keywordSet>
            <keyword>Metadata</keyword>
            <keyword>occurrence</keyword>
            <keyword>observation</keyword>
        <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
            <keyword>birds</keyword>
            <keyword>aquatic birds</keyword>
            <keyword>nesting</keyword>
        <keywordThesaurus>USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus: http://www.usgs.gov/core_science_systems/csas/biocomplexity_thesaurus/search_thesaurus.html</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
            <keyword>Alaska</keyword>
            <keyword>North Slope</keyword>
            <keyword>Nome</keyword>
            <keyword>Seward</keyword>
        <keywordThesaurus>USGS Geographic Names Information System: http://geonames.usgs.gov/</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
            <keyword>Metadata</keyword>
        <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
      <keywordSet>
            <keyword>Observation</keyword>
        <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
  <intellectualRights>
    <para>To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Public Domain (CC0 1.0)</citetitle></ulink>. Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.</para>
  </intellectualRights>
  <distribution scope="document">
    <online>
      <url function="information">http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/interdisciplinary_science/cae/index.php</url>
    </online>
  </distribution>
  <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
          <geographicDescription>Seward Peninsula, Chipp Slopes, and Colville River Delta in Alaska.</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>-167.15</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>-146.8</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>70.68</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>59.78</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
          <taxonomicCoverage>
              <generalTaxonomicCoverage>Birds encountered in Alaska during summer months, many of them nesting, from 67 unique taxa (to date).</generalTaxonomicCoverage>
              <taxonomicClassification>
                  <taxonRankName>class</taxonRankName>
                <taxonRankValue>Aves</taxonRankValue>
                  <commonName>birds</commonName>
              </taxonomicClassification>
              <taxonomicClassification>
                  <taxonRankName>phylum</taxonRankName>
                <taxonRankValue>Chordata</taxonRankValue>
                  <commonName>chordates</commonName>
              </taxonomicClassification>
              <taxonomicClassification>
                  <taxonRankName>kingdom</taxonRankName>
                <taxonRankValue>Animalia</taxonRankValue>
                  <commonName>animals</commonName>
              </taxonomicClassification>
          </taxonomicCoverage>
  </coverage>
  <maintenance>
    <description>
      <para></para>
    </description>
    <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>unkown</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
  </maintenance>

      <contact>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>John</givenName>
      <surName>Pearce</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>U.S. Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center</organizationName>
    <positionName>Research Wildlife Biologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>4210 University Drive</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Anchorage</city>
        <administrativeArea>Alaska</administrativeArea>
        <postalCode>99508</postalCode>
        <country>US</country>
    </address>
    <phone>+1 907.786.7094</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>jpearce@usgs.gov</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>http://alaska.usgs.gov</onlineUrl>
      </contact>
  <methods>
        <methodStep>
          <description>
            <para>The step description was as described in the Sampling Description, above.</para>
          </description>
        </methodStep>
      <sampling>
        <studyExtent>
          <description>
            <para>As described in the Geographic Coverage. Observations made during summer months.</para>
          </description>
        </studyExtent>
        <samplingDescription>
          <para>Different sampling methods were used. For Loons- Observers conducted complete nest searches by walking the shoreline of all lakes in both study plots. Nest locations were marked with a hand-held GPS unit and revisited to monitor nest fate at weekly intervals. Some lakes extending outside the plot boundary were also searched as time and resources allowed, thereby increasing sample sizes.</para>
        </samplingDescription>
      </sampling>
  </methods>
  <project >
    <title>US Geological Survey - Alaska Science Center - Changing Arctic Ecosystems - Alaska - Birds</title>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
            <givenName>John</givenName>
          <surName>Pearce</surName>
        </individualName>
        <role>pointOfContact</role>
      </personnel>
      <funding>
        <para>US Geological Survey Changing Arctic Ecosystems Initiative.</para>
      </funding>
      <studyAreaDescription>
        <descriptor name="generic"
                    citableClassificationSystem="false">
          <descriptorValue>This study is being conducted on a variety of Alaska&apos;s ecosystems: 1) Chipp on the ACP between the Brooks Range and the Arctic Ocean, north of the Arctic Circle (~70° 32&apos; N, -155° 21&apos; W). This area is part of the NPR-A, where oil and gas development is expected to increase, and is owned and managed by the BLM. The region consists of low tundra, including sedge, moss, dwarf-shrub wetlands (W2) and tussock-sedge, dwarf-shrub, moist tundra (G4) ecosystems described in the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (Walker et al. 2005). There is an extensive system of fish-bearing lakes and several major drainage rivers. More specifically, our research is confined to two, 7 kilometer-squared study plots, approximately 35 km apart, along the Chipp River, 100 km (60 miles) southeast of the community of Barrow. Each plot exhibits different ecological and climatic characteristics; Chipp North (N 70.686, W-155.304) -- this dataset -- is closer to the coast and lower lying, while the Chipp South (N 70.395, W -155.407) is more inland, having rolling terrain features.
2) Several areas of Alaska&apos;s Seward Peninsula, including beyond the international date line. 3) Alaska&apos;s North Slope along the Colville River Delta.</descriptorValue>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
  </project>
</dataset>
  <additionalMetadata>
    <metadata>
      <gbif>
          <dateStamp>2015-06-08T07:12:16.657+00:00</dateStamp>
          <hierarchyLevel>dataset</hierarchyLevel>
            <citation identifier="http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2012/3144/">Pearce, J., T. DeGange, P. Flint, T. Fondell, D. Gustine, L. Holland-Bartels, A. Hope, J. Hupp, J. Koch, S. Talbot, D. Ward, and M. Whalen. 2012. Changing Arctic Ecosystems—Measuring and forecasting the response of Alaska&apos;s terrestrial ecosystem to a warming climate. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2012-3144, 4 p.</citation>
          <bibliography>
                <citation>Paruk, J. D., K. G. Wright, B.D. Uher-Koch, D.C. Evers, J. S. Fair, and C.E. Gray. Breeding Ecology of the Yellow-billed Loons (Gavia adamsii) on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska 2013. Biodiversity Research Institute Report # 2013-12, Gorham, Maine.</citation>
                <citation identifier="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2005.tb02365.x/pdf">Walker, D.A., M.K. Raynolds, F.J.A. Daniels, E. Einarsson, A. Elvebakk, W.A. Gould, A.E. Katenin, 
S.S. Kholod, D.J. Markon, E.S. Melnikov, N.G. Moskalenko, S.S. Talbot, and B.A. Yurtsev. 
2005. Journal of Vegetation Science 16(3): 267-282.</citation>
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